How can we distinguish between myopia and hyperopia?

 

Myopia (nearsightedness) and hyperopia (farsightedness) are two of the most commonly discussed terms when it comes to vision. While their names may sound familiar, many people do not fully understand the principles behind them or how they differ.

Myopia refers to a vision condition where nearby objects appear clear, but distant objects look blurry. In contrast, hyperopia is characterized by difficulty seeing things up close, while distant objects appear sharp and clear.

These differences in vision are closely related to the structure of the eye. In myopia, the eyeball is elongated, causing light entering the eye to focus in front of the retina. On the other hand, in hyperopia, the eyeball is shorter than normal, which causes the light to focus behind the retina. In both cases, the mismatch between the eye's length, the refraction of light, and the focal point leads to the structural causes of myopia and hyperopia.

2. The Risks High Myopia Poses to Eye Health

Myopia is often regarded as a simple refractive issue, but as the degree of myopia increases, it can become a significant risk factor for various eye diseases. In particular, high or pathological myopia can cause structural changes within the eye, placing strain on the retina. This may lead to serious complications such as retinal detachment, macular degeneration, or glaucoma—conditions that can result in rapid vision loss or, in severe cases, even blindness.

These complications cannot be prevented or corrected by wearing glasses or contact lenses alone. Therefore, individuals with high myopia must undergo regular ophthalmologic examinations and practice proactive vision care. Early intervention is especially important in cases where myopia progresses rapidly during childhood, as this can lead to high myopia during adolescence or adulthood.

3. The Relationship Between Hyperopia and Aging

While hyperopia (farsightedness) is often congenital, it can also develop with age. A representative example of age-related visual decline is presbyopia. Presbyopia occurs as the eye’s natural lens gradually loses its elasticity and ability to accommodate, making it difficult to focus on objects at close range. Although the symptoms may resemble those of hyperopia, the underlying causes are different.

As presbyopia progresses, the risk of developing cataracts also increases. Cataracts are characterized by clouding of the eye’s natural lens, leading to blurred vision, double vision, and sensitivity to light. These age-related changes become more common with advancing age and, if left undiagnosed or untreated, can significantly impact daily life.

▲ Detailed information on the distribution of refractive segments and additional near zones of the Precizon CTF according to pupil diameter

4. Vision Correction Options Vary by Age

Vision correction methods inevitably differ depending on the condition of the eyes and the individual’s age. In younger age groups, temporary correction can be achieved with glasses or contact lenses. For those seeking a permanent solution, laser-based procedures such as SMILE, LASIK, or LASEK may be considered. These surgeries are popular due to their quick recovery times and stable results.

In middle age and beyond, vision problems often become more complex, involving not only myopia or hyperopia but also conditions like presbyopia and cataracts. In such cases, more advanced correction methods, such as multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, may be necessary. This type of surgery removes cataracts while simultaneously correcting both near and distance vision, making it especially beneficial for older adults.

Ultimately, maintaining eye health requires early attention and consistent care. It is essential to consult with an eye care professional to determine the correction method best suited to your individual needs. Regular eye examinations and prompt response to any unusual symptoms are key habits that contribute to long-term vision preservation.