Causes of Eye Floaters and Treatment Options

 

Eye floaters are an eye condition caused by cloudiness or small particles within the vitreous of the eye. They are commonly referred to as “muscae volitantes” or “flying flies.”

As we age, or due to various eye conditions, changes can occur in the vitreous gel inside the eye. These changes can cast shadows on the retina, which are perceived as small spots, threads, or cobweb-like shapes floating in the field of vision.

Main Causes of Eye Floaters:

Visual Disturbances from Eye Floaters

Eye floaters are most commonly associated with aging. As the eye ages, the vitreous gel inside the eye gradually becomes more liquefied, leading to the formation of small particles or strands. These particles cast shadows on the retina, which are perceived as floating spots, threads, or cobweb-like shapes drifting across the field of vision.

In recent years, however, cases of floaters have been increasingly reported among teenagers and young adults in their 20s and 30s. One of the contributing factors is believed to be prolonged use of electronic devices, which can lead to eye fatigue. Therefore, it is recommended to reduce excessive screen time and properly manage eye strain to help maintain overall eye health.

Symptoms of Eye Floaters and the Importance of Diagnosis

Vitreous Opacities Caused by Floaters

Eye floaters occur when small particles or opacities form within the vitreous gel inside the eye. In the early stages, they may not cause significant discomfort, but over time the number of floaters may increase and begin to interfere with vision.

If floaters suddenly increase in number or are accompanied by flashes of light, it is important to rule out possible retinal diseases, such as retinal tears or retinal detachment.

Because floaters can arise from both pathological and non-pathological causes, an accurate diagnosis by an ophthalmologist is essential. Proper examination and evaluation are necessary to prevent more serious complications, including significant vision loss or blindness.

Diagnostic Methods for Eye Floaters

Although floaters can be part of the natural aging process of the vitreous, it is important to determine the exact cause through a comprehensive fundus examination.

A fundus examination is performed using an ophthalmoscope or slit-lamp microscope to evaluate structures inside the eye, including the vitreous, retina, choroid, and optic disc. This test helps diagnose various retinal conditions such as macular degeneration, glaucoma, retinitis, and floaters.

A dilated eye examination is also commonly performed. During this test, dilating eye drops are used to widen the pupil so that the retina and other internal eye structures can be clearly observed.

This examination is used not only to diagnose retinal diseases, but also as a preoperative evaluation before procedures such as cataract surgery or LASIK. Because the internal structures of the eye cannot be fully observed when the pupil is small, dilation is necessary to thoroughly examine the entire retina.

At Bright Eye Clinic Gangnam, detailed diagnostic procedures such as dilated eye examinations and fundus evaluations are used to accurately diagnose floaters and other eye conditions and to determine the most appropriate treatment.

Treatment Options for Eye Floaters

Treatment for floaters generally falls into two categories: natural observation and medical treatment.

Conservative / Natural Management

• In many cases, symptoms gradually become less noticeable over time, so doctors may recommend monitoring the condition for a certain period.

• Avoid rubbing the eyes frequently to prevent corneal irritation or damage.

• Wear sunglasses in strong sunlight to protect the eyes and reduce visual discomfort.

Surgical Treatment

• Laser vitreolysis

• Vitrectomy

Laser vitreolysis uses a laser to break large floaters into smaller particles, making them less noticeable in the field of vision.

Vitrectomy is a surgical procedure that removes the vitreous gel inside the eye and clears any blood or debris, helping to improve visual clarity and manage related retinal conditions.

Importance of Early Examination

Once the retina is damaged, recovery can be difficult. Therefore, if symptoms such as floaters or other signs of retinal abnormalities are suspected, it is important to undergo a thorough examination and accurate diagnosis by an eye specialist.

Early detection and proper treatment can help prevent further vision deterioration and protect long-term eye health.